About the Advanced Research & Development Journal The Advanced Research & Development Journal is a peer-reviewed, national-level scholarly journal committed to publishing high-quality research in science, engineering, technology, and allied disciplines. The journal serves as a platform for Indian researchers, academicians, industry professionals, and students to disseminate innovative ideas, experimental results, case studies, and technological advancements that contribute to India’s academic and industrial growth. ARD Journal emphasizes original research conducted within India and encourages submissions that address real-world challenges, emerging technologies, and practical applications relevant to the national research ecosystem. A structured editorial and peer-review process ensures academic quality, transparency, and integrity. Aim To promote and disseminate national-level research in science, engineering, and technology. To encourage innovation, applied research, and problem-solving approaches. To provide a credible and constructive platform for Indian researchers. To strengthen research culture through multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies. To foster collaboration among scholars, educators, and research institutions across India. Scope The scope of the Advanced Research & Development Journal includes, but is not limited to: Engineering & Technology Computer Science & Information Technology Electronics, Communication & Electrical Engineering Mechanical, Civil & Industrial Engineering Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning & Data Science Internet of Things (IoT), Embedded Systems & Robotics Renewable Energy & Smart Technologies Science & Applied Sciences Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics Environmental Science & Sustainable Development Biotechnology, Life Sciences & Agriculture Management & Humanities (where applicable) Business Management, Commerce & Economics Education, Social Sciences & Interdisciplinary Studies Article Types Research Articles Review Articles Case Studies Technical Notes Short Communications Journal Details Journal Title Advanced Research & Development Journal Frequency Quarterly (January, April, July, October) ISSN 3139-1281 Publisher NOVARA PUBLISHERS Publisher Address #605, Jasmine Block, RDB Coconut Grove, Dynamics Colony, Mayuri Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana – 500049, India Editor-in-Chief Dr. Kishor Kumar Gajula Starting Year 2025 Subject Area Multidisciplinary Subjects Language English Publication Mode Online Phone +91 9030161092 Email editorardjournal@gmail.com| info@novarapublishers.com | novarapublishers@gmail.com Journal Website ardjournal.com Publisher Website novarapublishers.com Submissions & Peer Review ARD Journal accepts original manuscripts that have not been published or submitted elsewhere. All submissions undergo a peer-review process to ensure academic quality and relevance. Manuscripts must follow the journal’s Author Guidelines. Accepted articles are published online according to the quarterly schedule. Why Publish with ARD Journal? National-level visibility for Indian research. Peer-reviewed and quality-driven editorial process. Wide multidisciplinary scope. Timely online publication and academic accessibility. Contact Advanced Research & Development Journal Phone: +91 9030161092 Email: info@novarapublishers.com | novarapublishers@gmail.com Publisher: NOVARA PUBLISHERS, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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PROFITABILITY AND RETURN ANALYSIS THROUGH GROWTH STRATEGIES AT UNION BANK OF INDIA
This paper evaluates Union Bank of India's profitability and return by assessing recent expansion initiatives. It analyzes how strategy goals like credit portfolio expansion, digital banking, and cost reduction affect the bank's finances. The paper examines net profit margins, return on assets, and return on equity to assess the organization's efficiency and profitability. It investigates how market, competition, and legal changes affect bank profitability. Development activities linked to financial results improve performance in an environmentally sustainable way, according to the research. The paper's list of finance and business administration's pros and cons can help strategic decision-makers. The paper recommends developing new financial solutions and focusing on customer preferences to boost revenue.
Copyright (c) 2026 Advanced Research & Development Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
COMPENSATION STRUCTURES AT HCL TECHNOLOGIES
This paper seeks to shed light on the impact of compensation policies on employee motivation, retention, and organizational performance by analyzing the pay structures at HCL Technologies, a prominent IT service provider in India. Examining components such as base pay, performance-based incentives, bonuses, benefits, and long-term rewards, the paper determines how effectively HCL's compensation structure complies with industry standards and meets employee expectations. In order to promote employee loyalty and increase productivity, the paper examines how competitive and transparent compensation systems work. Based on the results, it seems that a well-planned compensation plan is essential in the competitive IT sector for attracting and retaining top talent, maintaining employee engagement, and driving organizational growth. Researchers hope that HR experts and business leaders will use the paper's findings to better understand how to structure compensation packages to boost morale and productivity.
RATIO ANALYSIS AND CREDIT APPRAISAL IN HOUSING FINANCE AT IDFC FIRST BANK
This study examines the effectiveness of credit evaluation and ratio analysis in home financing, with a particular emphasis on IDFC First Bank. It examines the financial ratios that banks employ to assess the creditworthiness of a borrower and the financial health of the bank. The study underscores the importance of liquidity, profitability, and solvency in the decision-making process for loans. Furthermore, the process of credit appraisal is addressed, which involves the assessment of repayment capacity, risk, and income. By conducting an analysis of borrower attributes, the research identifies critical factors that influence loan approval and default risk. The potential of ratio analysis to enhance sustainable lending and decrease non-performing assets. It also demonstrates that a structured credit evaluation improves the efficiency of decision-making.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND AIR POLLUTION PREDICTION USING ML TECHNIQUES
The objective of this initiative is to improve the assessment of air quality and protect public health by utilizing machine learning techniques for environmental monitoring and air pollution prediction. Accurate air quality forecasting is imperative for long-term development, as pollution has increased as a result of urbanization, industry, and automotive emissions. The proposed research would employ machine learning algorithms, including the Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Networks, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, to analyze current and historical environmental data collected by sensors and monitoring stations. Temperature, humidity, CO, SO2, NO2, and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) are among the atmospheric factors that are employed for prediction and analysis. Approaches such as data pretreatment, feature selection, and model enhancement are employed to enhance prediction accuracy while reducing computer complexity. Experiments demonstrate that advanced machine learning models are more accurate and effective in predicting air pollution levels than traditional statistical methods. Our research has brought smart city applications, early warning systems, and pollution management strategies one step closer to becoming a reality, thereby fostering healthier and cleaner communities.
TRAINING PROGRAMS AND WORKFORCE PERFORMANCE AT ULTRATECH CEMENT
Boosting productivity and efficiency in the workplace is impossible without training programs. The impact of structured training programs on employee engagement, competence, and output at the illustrious Indian cement manufacturer UltraTech Cement is the focus of this research. The paper evaluates the efficacy of different training approaches in enhancing employee competency and operational outcomes. These approaches include workshops, technical skill programs, leadership development sessions, and on-the-job training. Training programs that are well-planned boost employees' technical proficiency, decision-making ability, and overall performance, which in turn increases organizational efficiency and gives cement companies a competitive edge. Improving worker productivity and ensuring a company's success in the long run are two of the report's primary recommendations.
HIGH EFFICIENCY TRANSFORMERLESS AC–DC CONVERTER FOR LOW VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS
This paper presents a transformerless AC-DC converter for low-voltage applications that has a compact design, high efficiency, good power quality, and low switching losses. The recommended converter is more economical, small, and energy-efficient without a transformer stage. Stable voltage conversion rates and electrical isolation are guaranteed by sophisticated controllers. In a variety of load settings, power factor and high-frequency switching optimization enhances conversion, eliminates harmonic distortion, and stabilizes DC output. The converter functions best in low-voltage electrical systems, battery charging systems, renewable energy connections, and lightweight, energy-efficient industrial power sources. The proposed AC-DC converter architecture is efficient, reliable, and less vulnerable to electromagnetic interference, according to performance study and simulation.
CASH FLOW ANALYSIS AS A BUSINESS TOOL AT BRITANNIA INDUSTRIES
Cash flow studies are one of the best ways to assess a company's financial health, efficiency, and longevity. Britannia Industries, a large Indian company that makes fast-moving consumer goods, is examined using cash flow analysis. Britannia controls working capital, protects shareholder value, and finances development through operating, investment, and financing actions, according to paper. The findings show that strong operating cash flows are essential for funding growth without external debt and ensuring everyday operations. By showing the company's financial strengths, weaknesses, and investment opportunities, cash flow analysis helps management make decisions.
EVALUATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AT ADITYA BIRLA GROUP
This paper will evaluate the Aditya Birla Group's operational efficiency, financial stability, and success using its financial statements. The balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement are examined to determine the company's revenue, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency over time. To assess the company's financial management procedures, financial ratio analysis, trend analysis, and comparison benchmarking are used to identify strengths and weaknesses. Strategic financial review may improve resource allocation, decision-making, and future planning, according to the paper. Financial statements show the Aditya Birla Group's past performance and are used to evaluate its success. This aids risk management and long-term development.
WORKING CAPITAL TURNOVER ANALYSIS IN RETAIL SECTOR AT DMART
Working capital turnover analysis can be employed to assess an organization's capacity to generate sales from its short-term assets and liabilities. Working capital turnover is a critical performance indicator in retail operations due to the significant reliance on consumer demand, supplier credit, and effective inventory management. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effectiveness of DMart, a prominent Indian retail chain, in managing its working capital in relation to its revenue generation. The paper demonstrates that DMart can effectively convert working capital into revenue while maintaining operational performance and liquidity by examining the company's financial data.
GREEN HRM PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AT NUTRIVATIVE FOODS PVT LTD
GHRM, or green human resource management, is a critical approach for organizations that are striving to reconcile environmental sustainability with development. Nutrivative Foods Pvt. was examined. The organization has initiated the implementation of sustainable human resource management strategies. Ltd., with a particular emphasis on the influence of environmentally cognizant HR policies and procedures on sustained productivity and morale. Green performance evaluations, green incentive programs, green hiring processes, and environmental education and awareness initiatives were all evaluated. Based on the data, it appears that these initiatives promote a more environmentally conscious mindset, optimize resource utilization, and increase output while simultaneously reducing operational waste. Furthermore, employees demonstrate increased enthusiasm and motivation when sustainability is prioritized in organizational policies. An examination of Nutrivative Foods Pvt. Comprehensive green HRM strategies must be implemented by the organization. Ltd. is dedicated to establishing a sustainable business model, achieving a competitive edge, and expanding its ethical operations. This essay will examine the integration of HR strategy with environmental objectives in order to create a more sustainable and ecologically conscious organization.
MACHINE LEARNING-BASED PHISHING URL DETECTION USING LOGIN URL PATTERNS
This paper recommends a machine learning-based approach that employs login URL patterns to identify phishing URLs in order to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the process of identifying harmful web links. Looking at the structural and lexical characteristics of URLs, particularly those associated with login pages, is the recommended approach. Phishing attempts frequently employ questionable subdomains, misleading character patterns, and unusual domain names. The system efficiently detects hidden patterns and categorizes them by utilizing supervised learning algorithms and a labeled dataset of legitimate and malicious URLs. Feature extraction techniques improve detection performance, even against unknown threats, by capturing both syntactic and behavioral characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that the model outperforms traditional blacklist and rule-based approaches in terms of precision, recall, and accuracy. This research examines the potential of machine learning to enhance cybersecurity by providing a more adaptable and scalable approach to combating the rapid evolution of phishing schemes.
MACHINE LEARNING BASED PREDICTION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
This investigation investigates the utilization of machine learning algorithms to predict air pollution levels in order to facilitate environmental management. The study develops predictive models that are capable of identifying complex patterns in pollution trends by analyzing historical air quality and meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and concentrations of pollutants such as PM₂.¹ and PM₁.₂. Regression models, decision trees, and ensemble methods are among the alternative machine learning algorithms that produce predictions that surpass the precision of conventional statistical methods. The proposed methodology enables governments and environmental organizations to implement measures that reduce emissions, protect public health, and improve long-term urban and environmental planning by facilitating the early estimation of pollution levels.
INDUCTION AND ORIENTATION PROGRAMS FOR EMPLOYEE INTEGRATION AT INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD
This research examines the efficacy, planning, and implementation of the staff integration induction and orientation programs at Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL). IOCL, one of the most strategically critical and largest public sector organizations in India, prioritizes the implementation of meticulous induction procedures that are designed to ensure that new employees are in accordance with the organization's operational standards, culture, and values. The research explores the objectives, scope, and fundamental elements of orientation and induction programs for new employees, such as mentorship initiatives, skills-based training, and instruction in company values and safety protocols. It then assesses the extent to which induction contributed to the improvement of engagement, productivity, and retention in the workplace, as well as the integration outcomes and employee perspectives. The objective of this investigation is to illuminate the methods by which IOCL's onboarding framework facilitates the seamless transition of new employees into their positions by emphasizing its strengths, weaknesses, and best practices. This will subsequently promote organizational excellence and the long-term development of human capital.
ENHANCING E-LEARNING THROUGH STUDENT PERFORMANCE PREDICTION USING ML ALGORITHMS
In the current era of data-driven decision-making, educational institutions are employing cutting-edge methodologies to assess and improve the academic performance of students. Predictive analytics, which employs machine learning methodologies, is an effective instrument for identifying patterns in educational data and forecasting future outcomes. The objective of this research is to develop a method for predicting the grades of students through the use of supervised machine learning algorithms. The dataset that was employed to develop the system encompasses academic and socioeconomic factors that influence students' performance. Data preprocessing entails the encoding of categorical variables, the removal of missing values, and the selection of critical features to improve the performance of the model. The optimal model is determined through the comparison and contrast of a variety of machine learning algorithms, including XGBoost, Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The performance of these models is evaluated using a variety of metrics and visual aids, such as MAE, MSE, R2 Score, accuracy, and confusion matrices. The model that achieved the highest R2 score was the winner. This system can be employed by educational institutions to enhance learning outcomes by predicting student performance, identifying at-risk students at an early stage, and taking the necessary action.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES AT BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD
Businesses in the public sector are essential to the development of a thriving economy, as they contribute to the expansion of new industries, jobs, and tax revenue. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is a significant public sector oil and gas corporation in India and is a critical component of the energy sector. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the financial performance of BPCL over a specific time frame by emphasizing critical variables, including operational efficacy, liquidity, solvency, and profitability. The study evaluates fluctuations in sales, net profit, return on investment, and other pertinent financial metrics by examining financial statements, including the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. Despite the research's emphasis on BPCL's operational performance and revenue generation, it also identifies obstacles that affect profitability, including the unpredictable global oil price and operational expenses. Additionally, the report offers suggestions for enhanced strategic planning and financial management, in addition to describing BPCL's sustainability and financial health. The results are intended to serve as a benchmark for the evaluation of the efficacy and impact of public sector enterprises by policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders in India's energy sector, according to researchers.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)
TALENT RETENTION FRAMEWORKS IN COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTS AT STATE BANK OF INDIA
Large banks like the State Bank of India must retain their best people in the current tough banking environment. In the face of rising competition from private banks and fintech companies, faster digital transformations, and higher consumer expectations, it is vital to retain bright staff to ensure service quality and operational excellence. SBI's hiring practices are thoroughly examined in this inquiry. It evaluates HR policies, institutional mechanisms, and company culture that encourage employee loyalty. Leadership training, wellness programs, performance-based compensation, digital skills, and career promotion are highlighted in the research. The inquiry analyzes how SBI uses traditional banking principles and modern HR methods to boost employee engagement and reduce attrition. SBI uses a comprehensive, employee-centric retention approach that includes internal and external incentives to retain a consistent and motivated team despite industry-wide issues.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CEMENT INDUSTRY CHIMNEY
In the cement industry, safety, durability, and contemporary technological standards are prioritized in the construction and operation of chimney structures. The analysis examines design elements such as seismic forces, wind load, temperature variations, and material properties to ensure the structural integrity of the edifice under various operational conditions. The weight support, deformation, and stress distribution of the chimney structure are assessed by analytical and computational methods. The duration of exposure and environmental factors, including temperature fluctuations and corrosion, are examined. The findings underscore the necessity for the development of novel structural designs that are more dependable, durable, and less susceptible to failure. This will protect and enhance the infrastructure of the cement industry.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF FINANCIALTECHNOLOGY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF CORPORATES AT JINDAL STEEL AND POWER LTD
The research findings indicated that Jindal Steel and Power Ltd. experienced enhanced financial performance following the implementation of financial technology (FinTech). Digital technology has enabled the organization to boost its profitability and streamline its operations. This has been accomplished through the implementation of online payment tools, automated treasury systems, data-driven financial management, and other methods. Streamlining the management of working capital, reducing transaction costs, and enhancing liquidity are all examples of how the implementation of these innovative ideas has contributed to the enhancement of the company's operational efficiency. A competitive advantage has been obtained by the business as a result of the utilization of digital technology, which has facilitated the acceleration of financial data and enhanced decision-making. FinTech has traditionally been of assistance to the company in terms of growth, resilience, and competitiveness in the market. This is the case notwithstanding certain concerns, such as increasing operating expenses and dangers to cyber security.
A STUDY ON LUXURY CAR MARKETING STRATEGIES WITH REFERENCE TO MERCEDES BENZ
The luxury automotive sector is characterized by intense competition, evolving consumer demands, and increasingly sophisticated technological integration. When it comes to high-end automobiles, Mercedes-Benz is unrivaled, and the company's marketing strategies are astute, appealing to a diverse audience without lowering the bar for the brand. Digital transformation, experiential marketing, emotional branding, premium positioning, and new technology are some of the key marketing approaches examined in this research of Mercedes-Benz. Heritage, artisanal craftsmanship, and state-of-the-art technology are the brand's defining characteristics in the luxury goods industry. Influencer partnerships, tailored experiences, excellent post-sale support, and social media savvy all contribute to client retention. The German automaker Mercedes-Benz has remained ahead of the curve and continues to influence global perceptions of luxury vehicles by fusing traditional design principles with innovative ones. To maintain a brand's relevance and growth in value over time, this essay demonstrates how these integrated strategies work.
A STUDY ON PERSONALIZATION IN E-COMMERCE BALANCING CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS AND DATA PRIVACY AT BIG BASKET
Sites like Big Basket strike a compromise between customer wants and concerns about data privacy in their approach to online shopping customisation. By adapting discounts, details, and product recommendations to each individual's preferences, customization enhances the user experience in today's digital market. However, since this personalization relies on gathering and analyzing data about consumers, significant privacy and ethical issues arise. This article examines Big Basket's practices—including data collection, recommendation engine development, and privacy protection—to demonstrate the challenge of providing highly personalized shopping experiences while simultaneously retaining consumers' confidence. In order to simplify personalization while safeguarding privacy, the results demonstrate the necessity of transparent data regulations, user authorization mechanisms, and data anonymization techniques. By demonstrating the significance of maintaining a balance between user rights and corporate aims, the study aids in comprehending the optimal approaches to personalizing e-commerce.
A STUDY ON OPTIONS TRADING STRATEGIES FOR RETAIL INVESTORS WITH REFERENCE TO ICICI SECURITIES
This research examines the strategies, resources, and current market situation that ICICI Securities offers to individual investors in order to draw conclusions on the efficacy of their options trading approaches. Derivatives trading is becoming more popular among ordinary Indians as the process becomes more user-friendly. As a result, we must examine investor actions, risk-reward correlations, and strategic fit. Researched here are the effects on retail investors' decisions and returns of ICICI Securities' trading platforms, advisory services, and instructional resources. Straddles, spreads, covered calls, and protective puts are some of the more common trading strategies covered as well. The study's overarching goal is to identify the most effective responses to various market and risk scenarios through the use of empirical research, case studies, and a comprehensive literature analysis. Finally, it will examine strategies that small-scale Indian options market participants might employ to increase their profits while minimizing their losses.
A STUDY ON MINDFULNESS PRACTICES FOR EMPLOYEE RESILIENCE AT KIMS HOSPITALS
The primary objective of this research is to determine the effects of organized treatments on employees' capacity to manage stress, adapt to demanding work settings, and maintain emotional health. These interventions may include breathing exercises, meditation, and sessions on mindful awareness. In it, we examine how KIMS Hospitals staff members might develop resilience using mindfulness practices. Researched here is the correlation between mindfulness and resilience in the face of chronic stress in the healthcare industry. It demonstrates that practicing mindfulness on a regular basis enhances concentration, decreases exhaustion, and fortifies coping mechanisms. With this data in hand, KIMS Hospitals can design health and wellness programs for their staff that are backed by science and shown to increase physical activity and better health outcomes.
A STUDY ON GROWTH OF DIGITAL WEALTH PLATFORMS IN INDIA AT ZERODHA
India's digital wealth platforms have grown significantly; one such example is Zerodha. Because of its open APIs, simple mobile apps, and affordable trading alternatives, millions of more clients can now invest. To demonstrate how technological developments and price swings have affected retail investment, the paper examines market tendencies, regulatory frameworks, and investor and fintech expert viewpoints. The rise of algorithmic tools, fractional investing, and mobile trading has empowered individuals to take charge of their financial futures. At the same time, new investors gained confidence through clear pricing and community outreach. Additionally, the research highlights the risks, such as following the crowd, lacking digital literacy, and inadequate regulation. It highlights the importance of strict rules, better information for investors, and careful product design to ensure user safety. Market activity and financial inclusion are impacted by this change, which is examined in the article. It suggests more public disclosures, prudent regulation, and platform governance upgrades as the company expands.
A STUDY ON HYBRID WORK MODELS AND EMPLOYEE WELLBEING AT GREENKO GROUP
An innovative hybrid work paradigm is being put into place by the renewable energy industry frontrunner Greenko Group to benefit its employees. In today's companies, this model is essential. The option to work remotely or in the office is one way the company is giving its employees more freedom. Because of this, they will be able to better juggle their work and personal lives. Workers report less anxiety, more time to focus on other priorities, and better health as a result of reduced commuting. Since they could arrange their workday anyway they wished, many people enjoyed the independence that came with telecommuting. Workers reported higher levels of job satisfaction and motivation as well as increased engagement as a result of the hybrid strategy. While working from home has many advantages, the research did highlight certain drawbacks, such as occasional contact issues and feelings of isolation. The need for improved support systems became even more apparent when some workers experienced issues due to unequal access to resources. According to the research, Greenko Group can fix these issues by investing in technology that guarantee continuous connectivity and enhance communication channels. In order for employees to feel appreciated in their professional and personal life, it is critical to establish a welcoming work environment.
A STUDY ON VALUATION OF STARTUPS USING REAL OPTIONS AT ZOMATO
This paper analyzes the potential implementation of a Real Options Approach to startup valuation, using Zomato Ltd. as a case research. Conventional methods of assessing companies often neglect the responsiveness, flexibility, and growth potential of digital platforms. The research elucidates critical decisions through an analysis of Zomato's corporate strategy, growth initiatives, and diverse revenue streams. These alternatives encompass the capacity to expand, contract, postpone, or terminate new ventures such as Hyperpure and Blinkit. Financial forecasting, scenario modeling, and option pricing techniques are employed to ascertain the company's strategic value. Genuine options consider intangibles that conventional models overlook, such as customer acquisition and network effects. The research revealed that managerial decisions during situations of uncertainty directly influenced the company's valuation. The statistics indicate that incorporating option values significantly enhances Zomato's valuation, underscoring the importance of this approach for businesses in turbulent markets. The Real Options Approach offers a more thorough and anticipatory view on the expansion of platform-based companies.
Real Options Valuation (ROV) Managerial Flexibility
Startup Valuation Models and Strategic Investment Decisions
A STUDY ON PAY FOR PERFORMANCE MODELS AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AT JRG SECURITIES
JRG Securities' research examines in detail the effect of correlating compensation with performance on workers' opinions of their work and efficacy. The aim is to ascertain if incentives like commissions, bonuses, and performance-based prizes effectively stimulate employees to improve their commitment, productivity, and job happiness. The study indicates that, when effectively executed, pay-for-performance systems can incentivize employees, foster accountability, and improve their engagement with their tasks. This is evidenced by the implementation of staff surveys and the evaluation of performance measures. Nonetheless, the study underscores the disadvantages of these systems, such as increased stress levels, workplace rivalry, and a propensity to emphasize swift results. The overarching conclusion is that for both individuals and the organization to thrive collectively, optimal outcomes are attained by balancing superficial incentives, such as recognition, promotion opportunities, and professional progression, with more substantial rewards.
A STUDY ON CASH FLOW ANALYSIS AS A BUSINESS TOOL AT BRITANNIA INDUSTRIES
A company's liquidity, efficiency, and projected longevity are all crucial pieces of information to have. An prominent fast-moving consumer products company in India, Britannia Industries, is the basis for the cash flow investigation in this research. The research examines Britannia's operations, investments, and funding sources to demonstrate the company's management of working capital, funding of expansion, and preservation of share value. In addition, the research highlights the significance of robust operating cash flows in order to maintain operations and fund expansion without resorting to excessive borrowing. Cash flow analysis reveals to managers the strengths and weaknesses of their funds as well as potential future spending priorities. This aids their decision-making process. This demonstrates Britannia Industries' capacity to generate profits while maintaining a healthy cash reserve, a crucial quality in a highly competitive market. With this, cash flow analysis becomes much more than a simple accounting task. Currently, it serves as a strategic tool for businesses, aiding in financial planning and overall company growth.
IOT-ENABLED REAL-TIME FOOD MONITORING USINGBLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY SENSORS
The Internet of Things (IoT) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) have proven effective in tracking food in a variety of industries, including environmental management, food processing, agriculture, healthcare, and cosmetics. Numerous sensors keep an eye on things like ambient temperature, storage temperature, gas concentrations, and humidity. Byproducts of gas decomposition are detectable by gas analyzers. Depending on which is farthest from the server, the application uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or the Internet of Things (IoT) to gather data from samples. When paired with a public wireless GSM/GPRS network, this device can send and receive data over long distances. Combining GSM/GPRS with public wireless networks and the internet can result in significant cost savings. Improved tracking signal detection often results in improved device performance. Quality control can be improved with a food tracking device that makes use of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and the Internet of Things. Throughout the industrial manufacturing process, this enhances the product's overall quality, consistency, and uniformity. This study looks at the most cutting-edge and relevant applications that are now changing the world.
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANDROID-BASED INTELLIGENTCONTROL SYSTEM FOR DC MOTOR APPLICATIONS
Employing these new tools is essential for improving outcomes due to the continuous evolution of technology. Android is the predominant smartphone platform, ideal for developing real-time daily applications. The study examines the development and application of an economical, reliable, and secure Bluetooth-enabled controller for regulating the speed and direction of a DC motor. The smartphone enabled communication, while Bluetooth technology regulated the vehicle's speed. The PIC platform enables the swift advancement of electrical systems. The RPM of a DC motor is measured with an infrared monitor. A PWM signal can activate a DC motor. The Bluetooth module acquires data from the Android phone, energizes the DC motor, and presents the speed on an LCD screen. The data is transmitted through a Bluetooth receiver linked to a PIC.
AN INTELLIGENT AND SECURE SPAM CLASSIFICATIONFRAMEWORK BASED ON SUPERVISED LEARNING
*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="request-WEB:2695db16-dda4-43b7-91c6-190e4968dbe0-2" data-testid="conversation-turn-6" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> Numerous sensors and actuators are connected through wired or wireless paths to enable data transmission. This field has seen rapid growth over the past decade, and by 2020 it was expected to be connected to more than 25 billion devices. In the next five years, these devices are expected to transmit significantly larger volumes of data than they do currently. Devices generate large amounts of data in multiple formats, with data quality influenced by factors such as the source of generation, processing time, and data volume. Machine learning techniques play a vital role in ensuring security and access control in biotechnology, while also enhancing safety and efficiency by identifying abnormal behavior. At the same time, malicious users often employ learning techniques to exploit system vulnerabilities. After analyzing these challenges, we propose the use of machine learning methods to identify and reduce spam, thereby improving device security. The most effective way to detect waste is through an autonomous learning system. This approach evaluates the performance of four machine learning models using different feature sets and metrics as inputs. All models utilize updated input attributes to calculate a spam score. This score, influenced by multiple factors, reflects the reliability of the device. The results show that the proposed method performs effectively when compared with other well-established systems.